Structural aspects of topology optimization in 3D printing of concrete

The 3D printing technologies have been initially developed in the 1980s. Currently, these become an integral part of modern product development and successfully applied a wide range industries including automotive manufacturing, biomedical, consumer, food, construction. Since material efficiency is becoming critical design driver construction industry, many strategies for improving such as recycling materials, reusing components, reducing waste, extending life spans, etc. Furthermore, phases, there are different models that reduce use materials hollow‐core pre‐stressing systems, or by applying concept Topological Optimization. Topology optimization method used to without affecting functionality object.